Course Contents

MASS TRANSFER: HEAT TRANSFER: DRYING: Theories of drying, Drying of Solids, Classification of dryers, General Methods, Fluidized Bed systems, Pneumatic systems, Spray dryer, Freeze dying. COMMUNITION (SIZE REDUCTION): Reasons for size reduction, Factors affecting size reduction, size analysis, Sieving, Energy Mills (Ball Mill, Endrumer, Edge Rumer, Disintegrant, Colloid Mill, Hammer Mill, Cutter Mill and Fluid Energy Mill etc). MIXING: Fundamentals, Mechanisms, Mixing Equipment used in Liquid/Liquid, Liquid/Solid and Solid/Solid mixing. CLARIFICATION AND FILTRATION: Theory, Filter Media, Filter aids, Filter selection and Equipment (Leaf filter, Filter press, Melta filters and Rotary filters). EVAPORATION: General principles of Evaporation, Evaporators and Evaporation under reduced pressure. COMPRESSION AND COMPACTION: The solid-air Interface, Angle of Repose, Flow rates, Mass volume relationship, Density, Heckel Plots, Consolidation, Granulation, Friability, Compression (dry method, wet method, slugging), Physics of Tabletting, tabletting machines and other equipment required, problems involved in tabletting, tablet coating. Capsulation: Hard and soft gelatin capsules EMULSIONS: Mechanical Equipments, Specific formulation consideration and Emulsion stability. SUSPENSIONS: Formulation of suspensions, Equipment used in preparation and test methods for pharmaceutical suspensions. SEMISOLIDS: Equipment used for Ointments, Pastes, Gels and Jellies. Packaging of ointments. STERILE PRODUCTS: Sterile area and its Classification, Ophthalmic ointments, Preparation of parenterals (Building, Equipment), Complete Sterility (Aseptic area), air control, (Laminar flow etc.), air locks, Environmental monitoring methods, Sterilization, Filling/Packaging (Plastic and glass containers), Added substances (Preservatives, anti-oxidants, solubilizer, suspending agents, buffers, stabilizers etc.), Inprocess Quality Control of Parenterals (Sterility, leakage, pyrogens, clarity etc.). PACKING & PACKAGING: Influence of Packaging materials, Stability, Packaging Lines, Packaging Area, Packaging Equipment. SAFETY METHODS IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: (a) Mechanical, chemical and fire hazards problems. (b) Inflammable gases and dusts.

Course Synopsis

An understanding of various techniques and processes for the successful development of solid, semi solid, liquid dosage forms and injectable and controlled release dosage forms. Problem solving related to raw materials, processing and manufacturing and implementation of various tools to fix the problem and hold the gain.

Course Learning Outcomes

Get to know the various pharmaceutical dosage forms and their techniques. Develop understanding about various considerations in development of the pharmaceutical dosage forms. Skills to formulate solid, liquid and semisolid dosage forms and evaluate their quality. Overall aims of course are to develop basic understanding in the area of pharmaceutical manufacturing and additionally it helps the student to understand the basic principles of unit operations in manufacturing of dosage forms and techniques of manufacturing equipment. Understanding of GMP involving QA and QC.