Course Contents

The plant body and its development: fundamental parts of the plant body, internal organization, different tissue systems of primary and secondary body. 2. Meristematic tissues: classification, initials and their derivatives. 3. Apical meristem: Different growth zones, evolution of the concept of apical organization. Shoot and root apices. 4. Leaf: types, origin, bundle-sheaths and bundle-sheath extensions. 5. Vascular cambium: Origin, structure, storied and non-storied cell types, additive and multiplicative division.characteristics, seasonal activity and its role in the secondary growth of root and stem. Abnormal secondary growth. 6. Origin, structure and functional and specialization of the following tissues: Epidermis and epidermal emergences, Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Xylem, Phloem with special emphasis on different types of woods, Periderm. 7. Secretory tissues: Laticifers (classification, distribution,structural characteristics, functions) and Resin Canals. 8. Anatomy of reproductive parts: • Flower • Seed • Fruit 9. Economic aspects of applied plant anatomy 10. Anatomical adaptations Practicals 1. Study of organization of shoot and root meristem, different primary and secondary tissues from the living and preserved material in macerates and sections, hairs, glands and other secondary structures. 2. Study of prepared slides of fossil plant material. 3.Comparative study of wood structure of Gymnosperms and Angiosperms with the help of prepared slides.

Course Synopsis

Plant anatomy is situated between the study of plant morphology and cell biology. Studying plant anatomy allows a student to conceptually integrate organismal structure and function. Further, it helps to reveal the relationships between structure, function, taxonomy, ecology, and developmental genetics.

Course Learning Outcomes

1) The arrangement of tissue and cells types within the dermal, ground, and vascular tissue systems in vascular plants. 2) Thecharacteristics of specialized cells and their components. 3) Therelationship between internal structure, physiology, andecology. 4) Evolutionary history and taxonomic variation of vascular plant anatomy. 5) The genetics and process of vascular plant development.