Course Contents

PHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATIONS: Some Fundamentals of Measurements and Calculations. The Metric System. The Common Systems. Conversions. Calculation of Doses. Percentage calculations, Reducing and Enlarging Formulas. Weights and Volumes of Liquids. HLB Values. Industrial Calculations. Calculations involving parenteral admixtures. Some calculations involving Hydrogen-ion concentration. Calculations involving isotonic, electrolyte and buffer solutions. INTRODUCTION: Dosage form, Ingredient, Product formulation. GALENICALPREPARATIONS: Infusions, Decoctions, Extracts, Fluid extracts, Tinctures, Aromatic waters. SOLVENTS USED IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS: ORAL SOLUTIONS, SYRUPS, ELIXIRS AND SPIRITS: Solutions: their preparation, dry mixtures for solution, oral rehydrate solutions, oral colonic lavage solution. Syrup: components and preparation of syrups. Elixirs: Preparation of elixirs, Medicated and non-Medicated elixirs. Spirits: Preparation of Spirits. ORAL SUSPENSIONS, EMULSIONS, MAGMA AND GELS: Preparations, examples and importance. TOPICAL AND TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: Introduction of Ointments, Creams, Pastes, Poultice, Plasters, Lotions, Liniments, Topical gels, Topical Tinctures, Collodions, Topical solutions, Topical powders, Percutaneous absorption, Transdermal systems in use. OPHTHALMIC, NASAL AND OTIC PREPARATIONS: Ophthalmic solutions, suspensions, ointment, inserts, contact lens solutions. Nasal decongestant solutions, Decongestant inhalers. Ear preparations: Anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. SUPPOSITORIES AND ENEMAS: Semi-solid preparations, Suppositories: Bases, preparation, packaging and storage, Solutions/Enemas: preparation, packing & storage. AEROSOLS, INHALATIONS AND SPRAYS: Aerosol: Principle, container and valve assembly, propellants, filling, testing, packaging, labelling and storage. Inhalations: Principle, container and valve assembly, propellants, filling, testing, packaging, labelling and storage. Sprays: Principle, container and valve assembly, propellants, filling, testing, packaging, labelling and storage. 3. POWDERS, CAPSULES, TABLET DOSAGE FORMS: Preparation of Powders, mixing of powders, uses and packaging of powders, granules, effervescent granulated salts. Hard gelatin capsules: capsule sizes, preparation of filled hard gelatin capsules. Soft gelatin capsules, preparation and its application. Tablets: types, characteristics and methods of preparation. INTRODUCTION TO PARENTERALS: Official types of injections, solvents and vehicles for injections, added substances. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS

Course Synopsis

Pharmaceutics II deals with formulation development of pure drug substance into pharmaceutical dosage form. The course includes routes of administration, physio-chemical aspects of pharmaceutical formulation, dosing and consideration of pharmaceutical parameters in development of dosage form. Provide knowledge to the students about various dosage routes and development of dosage forms according to the convenience of the routes. It helps to relate the formulation of the drugs to their delivery and disposition in the body.

Course Learning Outcomes

Students will learn how various dosage forms can be developed based on their physicochemical properties and how different rates of absorption of drugs can be obtained for the same drug by manufacturing into different dosage forms.