Course Contents

Virus: Comparative study of life forms, Structure of virus, Life cycle of virus i.e., lytic & lysogenic cycle, Viruses (RNA & DNA types) with special reference to TMV. Bacteria: General Characteristics of Bacteria, Cell structure of bacteria, Reproduction of bacteria, Genetic recombination in bacteria i.e., Conjugation, Transduction & Transformation. Algae: General Characteristic of Algae and Study of Various Groups with reference to the following Genera: • Cyanophyta • Chlorophyta • Charophyta • Phaeophyta • Rhodophyta Nostoc Volvox Chara Ecto carpus Batrachospermum Fungi: General Features of Fungi with Reference to the following genera: • Oomycetes • Ascomycetes • Basidio mycetes Albugo Penicillium Agaricus Bryophytes: General Characteristics of Bryophytes with special reference to • Riccia • Anthoceros Pteridophytes: General Features of Pteridophytes • Psilotum • Adiantum Gymnosperms: General features of Gymnosperms • Pinus • Cycas Practicals • Study of Bacteria by Gram Staining • Micro/Macroscopic studies of all genera mentioned in the syllabus

Course Synopsis

All modern terrestrial plants are the descendants of algae that adapted to a terrestrial habitat roughly 500 million years ago. Compared to water, land is an erratic habitat where temperature and moisture availability may change abruptly and dramatically. Plants are multi-cellular and mostly photosynthetic organisms which found essentially everywhere, both in water and on land. The aquatic plants include red, brown and green algae and the land plants include mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Course Learning Outcomes

• Gain adequate knowledge on comparative account of viruses and bacteria. • Study and impart knowledge about the occurrence, distribution, structure and life history of lower plants such as algae, fungi, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms. • Know about the structure, life history and Economic importance of Gymnosperms.