Course Contents

Course Title: Foreign Policy of Pakistan Course Code: Maj/Pak-St-302 Credit Hours: 3(3+0) Semester: V Course Description: This course essentially aims to analyze Foreign policy of Pakistan in the initial years and transformation in its foreign policy. Aims & Objectives: The course is designed with basic objective to provide the students with an understanding about the foreign policy behaviors of Pakistan in the regional politics. Learning Outcomes: By studying this course students would learn the analytical skills which would help them to observe certain phenomenon in the foreign policy behaviors and to generalize their observations and experiments. Methodology: 1: Lectures 2: Discussion 3: Presentation 4: Seminars Course Content: Pakistan’s Foreign Policy • Objectives • Determinants of Pakistan Foreign Policy • Geo-political and Geo-strategic position of Pakistan • National interests: Survival, security and economic development, friendship and cooperation Phases of Pakistan’s foreign Policy: Trends and relations with Big Powers • Phase (1947 – 1988) Cold War Period Phase. I: 1947-54 Events: Early problems; Pakistan’s issues with India; War of 1948 Early sentimentalism, national outlook. Policy-makers & their profiles: Quaid-i-Azam and Liaquat Ali Khan. Policies: Neutrality with reliance on Britain (Bilateralism); & pursuit for Pan-Islamic unity. Phase II: 1954-62 Events: Cold War; Suez crisis; rationalism in national outlook; priority fixation in foreign policy (Ayub Period; Sino-India War. Policy-makers & their profiles: Bureaucratic & military leadership: Malik Ghulam Mohdammad, Major-General Sikandar Mirza and Ayub Khan. Policies: Alignment with the West (Policy of Alliance); Revised policy of alliance: (Bilateralism with U.S.A.); Offers of peace to India; Indus Basin treaty; leaning towards China. Phase III: 1972-71 Events: 1965 War between India and Pakistan, Tilt in power-balance in South Asia (China Vs India); Soviet – American responses (as evidenced in the War of 1965); Pakistan’s dismemberment. Policy-makers and their profiles. General Ayub Khan & Z.A. Bhutto. Policies: RCD (a miniature Pan-Islamic nucleus); The Wars of 1965 and 1971; Peace through Tashkent Declaration, Border Agreement with China. Phase-IV: 1971-1979 Events: Post-dismemberment period; 1971 War. Tilt in balance in India’s favour; India’s first nuclear test Policy-Makers and their profiles: Prime Minister Bhutto and General Zia ul Haq. Policies: Simla Agreement (Bilateralism with India); nuclear policy; non-alignment; enhanced Sino-Pakistan cooperation. Phase V: 1979-88 Events: Islamic Revolution in Iran; Soviet Military occupation of Afghanistan; Religious fervor in the region (e.g.: Sectarianism & Rise of Hindu fanaticism in India); Siachin issue; Soviet dismemberment; End of the Cold War. Policy-makers and their profiles: Ziaul Haq and his religiosity. Policies: ECO; OIC; SAARC; NAM First-line status of Pakistan; support to the U.S. – Sponsored proxy war against the Soviet Union. POST-COLD WAR PERIOD (1988-Present) Phase VI: 1988-Present Events: Fall of the Berlin War; Nuclear Non-Proliferation; New World Order; Bilateralism and trade in world politics. 9/11Scenario till Present, World anti-terrorism Movement; militancy in Kashmir; emergence of Central Asia, Policy-makers and their profiles: Benazir, Nawaz Sharif & Pervaiz Musharraf. Policies: Nuclear power; Lahore Yatra; Kargil episode; Pakistan’s support to world anti-terrorism (First-line status); Taliban regime & variations in Pakistan’s Afghanistan policy; Pakistan’s stand against India’s hegemonic attitude in the environment of anti-terrorism; bilateralism with the Muslim World. Relations with Muslim World • Pakistan’s Relations with Muslim countries (Iran, Saudi Arabia, Middle Eastern Countries) Recommended Books: • AIOU (ed.), Pakistan’s foreign Policy”, Vol. I&II (Islamabad: Allama Iqbal Open University: 1998. • Amin, Shahid, Pakistan,s Foreign Policy. Karachi; Oxford university Press,1999. • Barnds, W.J., India, Pakistan and the Great Powers. London: Pal Mall Press, 1969. Barke, S.M., Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1975. • Bhutto, Z.A., The Myth of Independence, Karachi: Oxford University Press 1969. • Hussain, Ijaz, Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: An International Law Perspective London: Progressive Pub. 1988. • Khan,M.Ayub,Friends Not Masters.Karachi;Oxford University Press,1967. • Shahi,Agha,Pakistan,s Security and Foreign Policy.Lahore;Progressive Pub.1988. • Shah,Mehtab Ali,The Foreign policy of Pakistan;impact of Ethnicity on diplomacy;1971-1994.London;I.B.Tauris,1997 • Ahmad, S.Salahudin, Foreign policy of Pakistan. • Barnds, W.J., India, Pakistan and the Great Powers. London: Pal Mall Press, 1969. Barke, S.M., Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreighn Policies Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1975. • Bhutto, Z.A., The Myth of Independence, Karachi: Oxford University Press 1969. • The Third World: New Directions, Karachi: Oxford University Press 1973. • Hasan, Masuma (ed) Pakistan in a Chain World. Karachi: PIIA, 1978. • Hussain, Ijaz, Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: An International Law Perspective London: Progressive Pub. 1988. • Hyder, Sajjad, Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Reflections of an Ambassador. Lahore: Progressive Pub. 1987. • Hussain Mushahid, Pakistan and the Changing Regional Scenario Lahore: Progressive Pub. 1988 • Hyder, Sajjad, Foreign POLIY OF Pakistan: Reflections of an Ambassador. Lahore: Progressive Pub.1987. • AIOU (ed.), Pakistan’s foreign Policy”, Vol. I&II (Islamabad: Allama Iqbal Open University: 1998. • Burke, S.M& Ziring Lawrence, Pakistan Foreign Policy: An Historical Analysis (2nd ed.)Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1990. • Chaudhri, Dr. Mohammad Ahsen. Pakistan and the Troubled World. 1993. • Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali. Foreign Policy of Pakistan. Lahore, n.d. • Chaudhri, Dr. Mohammad Ahsen. Pakistan and the Troubled World. 1993. • Moonis Ahmar (ed). Foreign Policu making Process: A Case Study of Pakistan. 2009, n.d. • Khadija Haq (ed.). The South Asian Challenge . 2002. • K. Arif (ed.). Pakistan's Foreign Policy- Indian Perspectives. 1984.

Course Synopsis

The foreign policy of Pakistan is focused on relations with other states in the world. Pakistan's foreign policy is based on different phases of relations with other states.

Course Learning Outcomes

The course would enable students to know about the status of Pakistan regionally and globally. Students would get knowledge about different phases of foreign policy of Pakistan.