Course Contents
1. Historical Perspective
1.1. Pre and post industrial era
1.2. Participation patterns of work in Pre and post industrial period
1.3. Industrial Revolution
1.3.1. First Industrial Revolution
1.3.2. Second Industrial Revolution
1.4. Agricultural Revolution
1.4.1. Neolithic Revolution
1.4.2. Green Revolution
2. Introduction
2.1. Definition of occupation
2.2. Formal and Informal sector
2.3. Definition of worker
2.4. Types of workers
2.4.1. Paid / Unpaid Worker
2.4.2. Skilled / Unskilled Worker
2.4.3. Slavery / Forced labor
2.4.4. Home-based workers
2.4.5. Difference in home based workers and self employment
2.4.6. Entrepreneurship
3. Gender and Work
3.1. Professions for men and women/Gender and career choice process
3.2. Importance of Women’s work
3.3. Participation of men and women in urban sector
3.4. Participation of men and women in rural sector
3.5. Role of women in information technology
3.6. Impact of technological development on women
3.7. Issues related to men at work
3.8. Women’s labor force participation
3.7.1 Occupational segregation
3.7.2 Explaining the increase in women’s labor force participation
3.7.3 Effect of change in wages, income and household productivity
4. Factors affecting women’s employment
4.1. Social factors
4.2. Political Factors
4.3. Economic Factors
4.4. Cultural Factors
4.5. Attitudes and behaviors towards women’s employment
4.6. Changing patterns of women in employment
4.7. Privatization
5. Gender Bias and occupation
5.1. Gender bias in jobs
5.1.1. Recruitment
5.1.2. Public Sector
5.1.3. Private Sector
5.1.4. Training
5.1.5. Working hours
5.2. Gender pay gaps
5.2.1. Cross-Cultural variation in the Gender pay gap
5.2.2. Overview of wage determination
5.3. The Glass ceiling Effect
6. Legal interventions
6.1. 1973 Constitutional provisions on equal employment opportunities in Pakistan
6.2. ILO Convention
6.3. Labor and Employment laws in Pakistan (Women related labor laws)
6.2.1 Labor Welfare Package 2000
6.2.2 Labor Policy 2002
6.2.3 Support for Equal pay
6.2.4 Women Empowerment Package 2012
6.2.5 Sexual Harassment Bill at Work Place 2010 and Sexual Harassment at Work Place
6.3 International Instruments on equal employment opportunities Ratified by Pakistan
Course Synopsis
Most people are engaged in work throughout or part of their adult lives. Work accounts for a greater part of their days. Fresh graduates, in particular, concern the most about the roles as future workers. Given the tremendous importance of work in one’s life, understanding of work world in advance is both intellectually satisfying and pragmatic. This course will help students to explore some of the issue surrounding the nature of work, and hopefully provides some answers to social and personal concern as well as understanding to what work in a modern society entails. The intellectual backbone of this course will examine the process through which work becomes more and more specialized; transformation of specialization into stratification and inequality; and the organization of work in modern workplaces and societies. Within this framework, this course will examine such topics as work ethics, professionalism, work and family, work and gender, and work and the elderly, and the impact of technology on work. Throughout these discussions, the course will inject work in Pakistani and international context to enhance students’ understanding of the local and global situation.
Course Learning Outcomes
On completion of this course, students will be able to:
• Differentiate the major concepts of work, occupation and job.
• Outline the changes in the nature of gender and work across time.
• Apply theoretical arguments and methodological techniques to discuss the real work example in local and cross-cultural gender issues.
• Interpret and identify the connection of work and other social institutions, and the mutual influences in between.
• Learn about the national and international laws and legal interventions regarding labor and workforce.
• Equip themselves with better understanding of the real work world and improved communication, presentation, reading and writing skills.
This links discuss about Agricultural Revolution
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This link is about Neolithic Revolution
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discuss Occupation
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difference between occupation& profession
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Formal and Informal sector
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what is gender Bias/Understanding
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A glass ceiling - or a broken ladder
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International Instruments on equal employment opportunities Ratified by Pakistan
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Book Title : Women and the economy : family, work, and pay
Author : Saul D Hoffman; Susan Averett
Edition : 2nd ed
Publisher : Boston, MA : Pearson/Addison-Wesley, ©2010.
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Book Title : Mainstreaming gender in social protection for the informal economy
Author : Kabeer, Naila
Edition :
Publisher : Commonwealth Secretariat, London
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Book Title : women and work
Author : Kathryn Borman, Paula J. Dubeck
Edition :
Publisher : Garland Publishing, NewYork,1996
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Title : gender in workplace
Type : Other
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Title : Role of women in information technology
Type : Other
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Title : Historical Perspective/Pre-industrial period
Type : Other
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Title : Post industrial period/Participation patterns of work in Pre and post industrial period
Type : Other
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Title : Industrial Revolution/First Industrial Revolution
Type : Other
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Title : Second Industrial Revolution
Type : Other
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Title : Green Revolution
Type : Other
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Title : Definition of worker/Skilled & Unskilled Worker
Type : Other
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Title : types of workers, Slavery / Forced labor
Type : Other
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Title : Home-based workers
Type : Other
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Title : Entrepreneurship
Type : Other
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Title : types of workers,Paid / Unpaid Worker
Type : Other
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Title : increase in women’s labor force participation Trends
Type : Other
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Title : Professions for men and women/Gender and career choice process
Type : Other
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Title : Women’s labor force participation
Type : Other
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Title : Factors affecting women’s employment/Social Factor
Type : Other
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Title : Factors affecting women’s employment/economic
Type : Other
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Title : Factors affecting women’s employment /political
Type : Other
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Title : social norms affecting women’s employment
Type : Other
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Title : Attitudes and behaviors towards women’s employment
Type : Other
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Title : Privatization
Type : Other
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Title : Privatization history
Type : Other
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Title : Gender pay gaps:wage determination/Glass ceiling Effect
Type : Other
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Title : Gender Bias in Wokplace
Type : Other
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Title : Gender pay gaps
Type : Other
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Title : Constitutional provisions on equal employment opportunities in Pakistan/ ILO Convention
Type : Other
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Title : Labor and Employment laws in Pakistan
Type : Other
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Title : Women Empowerment Package 2012
Type : Presentation
View Women Empowerment Package 2012
Title : Sexual Harassment Bill at Work Place 2010 and Sexual Harassment at Work Place
Type : Other
View Sexual Harassment Bill at Work Place 2010 and Sexual Harassment at Work Place