Course Contents

COURSE CONTENTS THEORY 1. Introduction to the medical biotechnology: The role of medical biotechnology, Medical biotechnology; an interdisciplinary pursuit, Scope for use, Public perception, Medical biotechnology and developing world. 2. The principles of cloning DNA in medical biotechnology: General principles and strategies for cloning, Cloning tools, The enzymology of in vitro DNA recombination, Vectors used for cloning, Sythesis of DNA for cloning, Reaching the gene via mRNA and protein, Synthesis of complete gene, Reporter genes, The determination of base sequence in DNA( brief account). 3. Gene cloning techniques for mammalian cells: Methods of transfection, (Ca++ -phosphate co-precipitation method, DEAE-Dextran method, Electroporation, Protoplast fusion. Liposomes as vectors for gene transfer,Direct transformation of mammalian cells; Microinjuction. Requirement for gene expression. Expression of mammalian genes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, Basic techniques of animal cell culture and their applications, Expression of cloned genes in animal cells: Transgenic Animals (brief account). 4. Molecular biological techniques for rapid diagonosis of diseases: Spectrophotometeric and UV spectroscopic analysis of nucleic acids, Agarose gel electrophoresis, Pulsed/field gel electrophoresis, Hybridization, Foot printing, Reverse transcriptase, Site directed mutagenesis, Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 2 - dimensional gel electrophoresis. DNA finger printing, Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), Diagnostic Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Types of Polymerase chain reaction, Optimization of PCR conditions, Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), Other applications of PCR, Gene therapy. 5. Medical biotechnological approach to study various types of diseases (Infectious and Genetic): Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Hepatitis C, Thalassemia, Chromosomal anomalies, Other mutations, Prenatal diagnosis of anaemias; a molecular basis for inherited disease, Mapping a genetic disease, Forensic science. 6. Applied medical biotechnology: Pharmaceutical and biopharmaceuticals, Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, Preparation of monoclonal antibodies, Applications of monoclonal antibodies, Vaccine productions, Potential Vaccines: Hepatitis B, Whooping cough, Chlomydia, Herpes, AIDS, Vaccine for leprosy, Virus vaccines, Antigens purification, Screening of antibiotics, Mode of action of selected antibiotics, Human insulin, Human growth hormone, Factors vm, Lymphokines (Interferon, interleukins) Somatostatin, Colony stimulating factor, Blood factor vm for hemophilia, Erthropoietin, Epidermal growth factor, Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TP A), Tumor necrosis factor; Ceredase, Cancer. 7. Biosafety Regulation: Introduction to genetically manipulated organisms (GMOs), Release of genetically engineered microbes in the environment, Biosafety management, Debate on the safety work in medical biotechnology. PRACTICALS 1. Introduction to preparative procedures used in medical biotechnology. 2. Preparation of DNA. 3. Preparation of electrophoresis buffers. 4. Preparation and loading of agarose gel. 5. Sizing of DNA samples using 'λ- Hind III markers. 6. Plasmid minipreparation by alkaline lysis method. 7. Preparation of different buffers and concetrations for PCR reagents. 8. In vitro amplification of DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 9. Use of PCR for diagnosis of typhoid by targetingfli C gene. 10. Use of PCR for diagnosis of hepatitis B. 11. Use of PCR for diagnosis of tuberculosis. 12. Study of various mammalian genetic disorders by karyotyping techniques. 13. Western blotting of insulin protein. 14. ELISA based diagnostics. 15. Bioavailability of serum. 16. Visit of medical biotechnological lab.