Course Contents

This course will acquaint the scholars to make careful and detailed observation, forming hypothesis based on observation, perform laboratory procedure accurately, making good inferences from observation, communicating the ideas clearly and concisely, and defending the conclusion. Course contents: • Scope of forensics, history and development, crime labs and their services, functions of forensic scientist, combine technique to process and documentations of a crime scene. • Physical evidence (recognizing, collection, storing and recording of physical evidence). Trace evidence, hairs, fibers, their types and microscopic analysis, botanical and other remains, • Forensics and the laws, types of laws, types of crime, court proceeding. • Forensic toxicology. Drugs, commonly used drugs and their effect on body, alcohol and its relationship to human anatomy and metabolism, testing for drugs and poison using pH. TLC, immunoassay, and chemicals. • Forensic Anthropology, human vs animals bones, skeletal comparison of male and female, ancestry from skeletal remains, ontodology. • Forensic Serology, ABO blood types and their inheritance, testing of blood using different techniques, analysis of blood stain pattern. DNA (the indispensable forensic tool), DNA analysis using PCR, restriction enzymes, RFLP analysis, and STR analysis. • Fingerprints, classification, detection and analysis of fingerprints, automated fingerprints identification system. • Instrument used in forensic biology, ( microscopes and their types, polymerase chain reaction machines , gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, ABI prism genetic analyzer, chromatography, spectrophotometery etc.) Practicals DNA extraction from different sources (Blood, Saliva, Hairs, Urine), primers designing for microsatellite markers using (UCSC genome browser, and primer 3) software, and PCR of the microsatellite markers. Analysis through ABI genetic analyzer or acryl amide gel electrophoresis, Restriction fragment length polymorphism. Paternity tests.etc. Textbooks/ reference material: 1. Jay A. Siegel and Kathy Mirakovits (2010): Forensic Sciences, The Basics, published by CRC press. 2. Richard Saferstein (2010), Criminalistics: An introduction to Forensic Sciences. 3. Stuart H. James and Jon J. Nordby (2009), Forensic Sciences, An introduction to scientific and investigation techniques, Human Genetics: published by CRC press.