Course Contents

Unit 1 Physical States of Matter 1.1 The liquid State 1.1.1 Structure of liquids 1.1.2 Surface tension and its measurement 1.1.3 Parachor 1.1.4 Application of Parachor in Structure Elucidation of Organic Molecules 1.1.5 Viscosity and its Measurement 1.1.6 Rheochor 1.1.7 Refractive Index and its Measurement 1.1.8 Molar refractivity. 1.2 The Gaseous State 1.2.1 Laws of Gases and Gas constants 1.2.2 Kinetic Equation of Gases 1.2.3 Molecular Velocities 1.2.4 Collision between Gas Molecules 1.2.5 Relationship between Mean Free Path 1.2.6 Collision Diameter 1.2.7 Collision Frequency 1.2.8 Collision Number 1.2.9 Deviation of Gases from Ideal Behavior 1.2.10 Van der Waal’s Equation 1.2.11 Validity of Vander Waal’s Equation 1.2.12 Study of Isotherms of Carbon Dioxide 1.2.13 Development of Concept of Critical Phenomenon 1.2.14 Applications of Vander Waal’s Equation to Critical Phenomenon 1.2.15 Determination of Critical Constants (Pc, Vc, Tc ) 1.3 The Solid State 1.3.1 Properties of Solids 1.3.2 Types of Solids 1.3.3 Unit cell and Types of Unit Cell 1.3.4 Crystal System and Bravais Lattices 1.3.5 X –ray Diffraction and Bragg’s Equation Unit 2 Solution Chemistry 2.1 Types of Solution 2.2 Concentration Units of Solution 2.3 Rault’s Law 2.4 Ideal and Non Ideal Solution 2.5 Positive and Negative Deviations from Ideality 2.6 Colligative Properties of Dilute Solutions 2.7 Lowering of Vapour Pressure 2.8 Experimental Measurement 2.9 Elevation in Boiling point 2.10 Mathematical Derivation 2.11 Significance of Kb 2.12 Depression of Freezing point 2.13 Mathematical Derivation 2.14 Significance of Kf 2.15 Osmosis 2.16 Osmotic Pressure 2.17 Measurement, Determination of Molar Mass from Osmotic Pressure Unit 3 Basic Concepts in Chemical Bonding 3.1 Covalent Bond 3.2 Nature of Covalent Bonding 3.3 Concept of Orbital, Atomic and Molecular orbital 3.4 Formation of Covalent bond, sigma and pi bond 3.5 Orbital Hybridization 3.6 SP3, SP2, SP. 3.7 Inductive Effect 3.8 Ionic Character of Covalent Bond 3.9 Bond Angle, Bond Energy and Bond Length 3.10 Delocalized Chemical Bonding (A) 3.11 Molecular Orbital (B) 3.12 Resonance Method 3.13 Rules of Resonance 3.14 Practice of Drawing Resonating Structure 3.15 Inductive Effect 3.16 Resonance Effect 3.17 Hyper Conjugation 3.18 Hydrogen Bonding 3.19 Tautomerism Unit 4Hydrocarbons 4.1 Difference between Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 4.2 Nomenclature of Alkane 4.3 Methods of Preparation of Alkane 4.4 Physical Properties 4.5 Reactions of Alkane Unit 5 Cycloalkanes 5.1 Nomenclature 5.2 Methods of Preparation 5.3 Physical Properties 5.4 Structure Description of Cycloalkane Unit 6 Unsaturated Hydrocarbon 6.1 Alkenes 6.1.1 Nomenclature 6.1.2 Preparation of Alkenes 6.1.3 Physical Properties of Alkenes 6.1.4 Reactions of Alkenes 6.1.5 Addition Reactions 6.1.6 Substitution and other reactions of Alkenes. 6.2 Alkynes 6.2.1 Nomenclature 6.2.2 Preparation 6.2.3 Physical Properties 6.2.4 Reactions of Alkynes.

Course Synopsis

In this course physical states of matter (Gases, liquids and solids) are discussed in detail. Organic chemistry provides the student with the necessary background to understand the chemistry of carbon-containing compounds.

Course Learning Outcomes

• Students will acquire knowledge to enable themselves to understand physical states of matter (gases, liquids and solids). • Students will gain knowledge about the nomenclature, preparation, structures and reactions of the organic compounds in detail.