Course Contents

Introduction, Selecting a Problem and Reviewing the Literature Identifying and Labeling Variables, Constructing Hypotheses Meta-Analyses, and Constructing Operational Definitions of Variables Types of Research Concluding Steps of Research Additional Approaches 1. Toxicity of Nanoparticles on insects. Tunçsoy, B.S. 2018. Toxicity of nanoparticles on insects: A Review. Adana Science and Technology University Journal of Science, 1(2),49-61. 2. Genotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles. Erico R. Carmonaa,E.R., Inostroza-Blancheteaub,C., Obandoa, V., Rubioc,L., Marcos, R. 2015. Genotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutation Research, 791:1–11. 3. Evaluation R. A. Kulkarni, A. Prabhuraj, J. Ashoka, S. G. Hanchinal and S. Hiregoudar. 2017. Generation and evaluation of nanoparticles of supernatant of Photorhabdus luminescens (Thomas and Poinar) against mite and aphid pests of cotton for enhanced efficacy.Current Science, 112, 2312-2316. 4. Nanotechnology Ali MA, Rehman I, Iqbal A, Din S, Rao AQ, Latif A, Samiullah TR, Azam S, Husnain T. (2014).Nanotechnology, a new frontier in Agriculture. Adv. life sci., 1(3), pp. 129-138. 5. Fruits crops, pests, Insecticides. S.S. Aziz and M. Hussain. 2018. Fruit Pest Management in Pakistan: A Review. Scientific Inquiry and Review, 2: 43-52. 6. Major diseases of citrus in Pakistan. T. Anjum and A. Javaid. 2005. Major diseases of citrus in Pakistan – a review. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 2(4): 793-796. 7. Surveillance M. Sarwar, M. Hamed, M. Yousaf, M. Hussain. 2014. Surveillance on Population Dynamics and Fruits Infestation of Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Orchards of Faisalabad, Pakistan. International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 2 (4), pp. 113-119.

Course Synopsis

Understanding, evaluating reading and writing skills of students.

Course Learning Outcomes

Upon completing this course, each student will be able to: 1. demonstrate knowledge of research processes (reading, evaluating, and developing); 2. perform literature reviews using print and online databases; 3. employ American Psychological Association (APA) formats for citations of print and electronic materials; 4. identify, explain, compare, and prepare the key elements of a research proposal/report; 5. define and develop a possible HIED research interest area using specific research designs; 6. compare and contrast quantitative and qualitative research paradigms, and explain the use of each in HIED research; 7. describe, compare, and contrast descriptive and inferential statistics, and provide examples of their use in HIED research; 8. describe sampling methods, measurement scales and instruments, and appropriate uses of each; 9. explain the rationale for research ethics, and the importance of and local processes for Institutional Review Board (IRB) review; and 10. demonstrate how educational research contributes to the objectives of your doctoral program and to your specific career aspirations in HIED.