Course Contents

1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PHARMACY: a. Introduction to clinical pharmacy and related terms, definition, basic components, comparison with other clinical fields, scope of services. b. Guidelines (General guidelines for Clinical Pharmacy Practice) c. Patient counseling compliance d. Laboratory Data interpretation e. Electrolytes management f. Clinical literature evaluation g. Drug interactions h. Medication errors 2. DISEASE MANAGEMENT: Disease management should be covered by considering aspects like diseases definition, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic work out (briefly), pharmacotherapy. MODULES:  Unit I: Cardiovascular unit (hypertension, ischemic heart diseases e.g. angina pectoris, MI, Heart failure).  Unit II: Pulmonary unit (Asthma e.g. acute, chronic, status asthamaticus, childhood asthma, Pneumonia, COPD includes emphysema & chronic bronchitis)  Unit III: Gastroenterology unit [ulcer, liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, hepatitis, diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)]. 3. PATIENT PROFILE & PATIENT COUNSELING: a. Patient disease profile b. Taking case history c. Drug profile of at least 25 Important Medications e.g. Adrenaline, Aminoglycosides, Anti-TB Drugs, Antiepileptics, Atropine, Benzodiazepines, Cepahlosporins, Chlorpheniramine, Cimetidine, Digoxin, Dobutamine, Dopamine, Fluroquinolone, Furosemide, Lactulose, Macrolides, Metoclopramide, Morphine/Pethedine, Nifedipine, NSAIDS, ORS, Penicillins, Prednisolone, Salbutamol, Vancomycin. d. Patient Counseling 4. CLINICAL TRIALS OF DRUG SUBSTANCES: Designing of clinical trials, types of trials, Choice of patients, exclusion of patients and monitoring a clinical trial. 5. EMERGENCY TREATMENT: For example, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Cold Blue. 6. DRUG INTERACTIONS: Mechanism, Physiological factors affecting interaction, Types and level of drug interactions, Role of pharmacist in evaluating drug interaction & its management. 7. PHARMACOVIGILANCE: a. Scope, definition and aims of Pharmacovigilance 92 b. Adverse Drug Reactions and Side Effects: Classification, Excessive pharmacological response, Idiosyncrasy, Secondary pharmacological effects, Allergic drug reactions, Detection, Management of ADR, reporting of ADR in light of international health monitoring system. 8. PHARMACOTHERAPY PLAN: I. Development, Implementation and Monitoring of Drug Therapy Plans: a. Pharmacist work up of drug therapy (PWDT) b. Documentation of Pharmacotherapy Plan  SOAP note  CORE Pharmacotherapy Plan  PRIME Pharmacotherapy problems  FARM note c. Implementation of Drug Therapy Plan d. Monitoring of Pharmacotherapeutic plan e. Pharmaceutical care plan as ongoing process f. Importance of drug therapy plan in today’s pharmacy practice II. Pharmacotherapy Decision-Making: A. Pursue the role of drug therapy practitioner over that of drug therapy advisor. B. Participate in pharmacotherapy decision-making by: a. Identifying opportunities for decision-making. b. Proactively engaging decision-making opportunities. c. Formulating decision rationale that is the result of rigorous inquiry, scientific reasoning, and evidence. d. Pursuing the highest levels of decision-making. e. Seeking independence in making decisions and accepting personal responsibility for the outcomes to patients resulting from one’s decisions. f. Personally enacting decisions 9. DRUG INDUCED DISEASES: 10. UTILIZATION OF CLINICAL DRUG LITERATURE: Introduction, Drug literature selection, Drug literature evaluation and Drug literature communication. 11. ONLINE PHARMACEUTICAL CARE SERVICES AND GLOBALIZATION: 12. PROVISION OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE IN MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS: Professionalism, physical assessment, body substance precautions and the relationships between culture, race and gender to pharmaceutical care