Course Contents

THEORY 1. Protection, Support and movement Protection: The Integration System of Invertebrates and Vertebrates; Movement and Support: the Skeletal System of Invertebrates and Vertebrates, Introduction to animal muscles. 2. Communication I: Nerves; Neurons: Structure and Function, Action Potential and Transmission of the Action Potential between cells; Invertebrate and Vertebrate Nervous System. 3. Communication II: Senses; Sensory Reception: Receptors of different kinds, Baroreceptors, Chemoreceptors, Georeceptors, Hygroreceptors, Photoreceptors, Tactile Receptors and Thermoreceptors,Lateral line system and Mechanoreceptors. 4. Communication III: The Endorine System and Chemical messengers; The Endorine System and Chemical Messengers, Mechanisms of Hormone Action; An overview of Vertebrate Endocrine System. 5. Nutrition and Digestion Animal Strategies of Getting and Using Food, Diversity in Digestive Structures of Invertebrates and Vertebrates; The Mammalian Digestive System. 6. Circulation, Immunity, And Gas Exchange, Internal Transport and Circulatory System in Invertebrates; Transport system in Vertebrates, Blood, Blood cells and Blood Vessels; Blood Pressure and Lymphatic System, the Immune Response; Gas Exchange: Respiratory Surfaces; Invertebrate and Vertebrate Respiratory Systems. 7. Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation; Homeostasis and Temperature Regulations, Heat Gain and Loss, Temperature Regulation in Invertebrates; Invertebrate and Vertebrate Excretory Systems. 8. Reproduction and Development Asexual Reproduction in Invertebrates; Sexual Reproduction in Invertebrates; Reproductive Strategies; Examples of Reproduction among Various Vertebrate Classes BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Zoology .Miller, S.A. and Harley, J.B., 1999 & 2002. 4th & 5th Edition (International). Singapore: McGraw Hill. 2. Integrated Principles of Zoology. Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.S. and Larson, A., 2001. 11th Edition (International). Singapore: McGraw Hill. 3. Biology of Invertebrates. Pechenik, J.A., 2000. 4th Edition. (International). Singapore: McGraw Hill. 4. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. Kent, G.C. and Miller, S., 2001. New York: McGraw Hill. 5. Biology .Campbell, N.A., 2002. Sixth Edition. Menlo Park, California: Benjamin / Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. PRACTICALS 1. Study of heart, principle arteries and principle veins in a representative vertebrate Dissection) 2. Study of respiratory system in cockroach and a vertebrate (Man) representative (Model). 3. Study of excretory system in an invertebrate (cockroach) and vertebrate (Rabbit) representative (Model). 4. Study of models or preserved brains of representative animals (Fish, Frog and Rabbit) and notes on adaptations. 5. Study of endocrine system in an insect (cockroach) and a mammal (Rabbit) through models. 6. Study of hormonal influence on a reproductive function( Model) 7. Study of insect cuticle, fish scales, amphibian skin, reptilian scales, feathers and mammalian skin. 8. study of male and female reproductive system in an invertebrate (cockroach) and vertebrate (Rabbit) representative (only demonstration) BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. General Zoology Laboratory Manual. Miller, S.A., 2002. 5th Edition (International) Singapore: McGraw Hill. 2. Laboratory Studies in Integrated Principles of Zoology. Hickman, C.P. and Kats, H.L., 2000. Singapore: McGraw Hill.

Course Synopsis

Following teaching and learning strategies will be followed for teaching the course and practical work. TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES 1. Lectures 45-48 2. Practicals 10-15 3. Assignments/ Presentations one per student 4. Discussions/ Tutorials one per week

Course Learning Outcomes

Upon the completion of the course, students will have a thorough knowledge of the structure and function of all the major systems of animals especially humans.This course encompasses the study of integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, digestive, circulatory, immune, respiratory, excretory, thermoregulatory and reproductive systems of animals with a special focus on human.