Course Contents

1. Assessing Pakistan’s development  structural change  five decades and five epochs  laying the foundation 1947-58  the decade of development 1958-68  the bad-luck years 1971-77  the second military government 1977-88  the era of structural adjustment 1988 onwards 2. The green revolution and land reforms  the green revolution  the issues of the tube-wells and tractorisation  regional and income disparities  elite farmer strategy and capitalist development  social and political effects  land reforms  land reforms of 1959 and 1972 3. Agriculture: Critical Issues  an overview and major trends  agricultural pricing policy  rural financial markets and agricultural credit  Informal sources of credit & formal sources of credit  mechanization  agricultural income tax  the water crisis  land ownership, power and land reforms 4. Key issues in industry in Pakistan  numbers and trends in industry  the small scale manufacturing sector  the textile industry and its crisis  Has public sector industry been a failure?  the privatization process  the debate over the efficiency in the industrial sector 5. Public finance: resource mobilization and structure of taxation  the structure of government and taxation prior to 2001  the district government system fiscal issues  public finance: the basic facts  important issues in public finance and revenue mobilization  Is local government the answer?  the nature of public debt and fiscal deficit 6. Balance of payments and trades regimes  Pakistan’s foreign trade: basic facts  trade policy and trades regimes 1947-97  the debate over efficiency and the trade regime  the exchange rate  dealing with globalization and WTO  some political economy issues  globalization and WTO impacts on Pakistan 7. Monetary policy, savings and inflation  money supply and monetary expansion  inflation and its causes  the low saving rate 8. Structural adjustment programmes in Pakistan’s history  implementation of the structural adjustment programmes in Pakistan: an examination of the 1988 programme  Was the structural adjustment programme a success? achievements and failures  the world bank /IMF’s overall evaluation of the 1988 structural adjustment programme & the political economy of structural adjustment programmes in Pakistan 9. Poverty: trends, causes and solutions  What does poverty mean?  trends in poverty  Who are the poor and where do they live?  Why did the poverty return to Pakistan and why does it still persist 1988=2004?  poverty alleviation then and now  Can poverty be eliminated in Pakistan? 10. Institutional issues in the social sector  the social action programme (SAP)  What SAP envisaged?  What happened to SAP?  governance, decentralization and local level delivery  government and development in Pakistan  NGOs and community participation

Course Synopsis

1 To give the understanding about Pakistan’s development, issues of agriculture and industry in the Pakistan. 2 To provide understanding about balance of payment and trade regimes, public finance, monetary policy and monetary management in Pakistan. 3 To provide an overview relevant structural adjustment programs in Pakistan and poverty in Pakistan.

Course Learning Outcomes

Students will be able to analyze the functioning of the economy of Pakistan and also will have a comprehensive knowledge about the challenges which Pakistan has to face.