Course Contents

Chemistry of p-block Elements Chemistry and structure of p-block elements; General characteristics of the following group of p-block elements with reference to the aspects given against each. Boron and Aluminum: Group anomalies: Boron and aluminum hydrides: Structures, properties and industrial applications. Metallurgy of Aluminium. Carbon and Silicon: Group anomalies. Allotropic forms of carbon, fullerenes. Role of oxides of Carbon in air pollution, Green House Effect. silicon chips, silicates, natural silicates, ortho silicates, pyrosilicates, cyclic silicate, Nitrogen And Phosphorous: Group trends and group anomalies, oxides of nitrogen and their role in air pollution, cause of fog and smog, industrial preparation of nitric acid. Fertilizers: Need of fertilizers, classification of fertilizers urea (preparation or synthesis), calcium super phosphate (preparation), fertilizer industry in Pakistan. Oxygen and Sulphur: Group anomalies Preparation, structures, properties and environmental role of oxides and oxyacids of Sulphur, manufacturing of Sulphuric acid and its reactions. Thionic acids, dithionic acid, trithionic acid, tetrathionic acid, pentathionic acid and hexathionic acid, their preparation structure & properties role of hypo(Na2S2O3) in photography. Halogens and Noble Gases main emphasis on the chemistry and structure of noble gases and their compounds, chemistry and structure of interhalogens, pseudohalogens and polyhalides. Preparation of Halogens. PRACTICALS:  Quantitative analysis: Determination of total hardness of water using EDTA. Estimation of magnesium using EDTA Estimation of copper (iodometrically) Determination of ferricyanide using KI solution. Determination of chloride by Volhard and Mohr methods. Estimation of chloride/bromide ions using adsorption (fluorescein) indicator. Percentage determination of ferric ions in ferric alum using KMnO4 solution. Determination of purity of commercial potassium oxalate using KMnO4 solution. Estimation of ferrous/ferric ions using K2Cr2O7 solution. Percentage determination of barium in barium nitrate by gravimetric method. Gravimetric determination of nickel.

Course Synopsis

The course focuses on the basic p block elements of the periodic table.

Course Learning Outcomes

After completion of course, students would be able to have a knowledge of the properties, importance and utilization of p block elements in life. Moreover, the laboratory part of the course would polish the practical skills of students about various quantitative and qualitative analysis.